Includes bibliographical references.

Economic-engineering method for assessing trade-offs between instream and offstream uses -- Nonstationary stochastic simulation-based water allocation method for regional water management -- Predicting health risks from intrusion into drinking water pipes over time -- Potential of energy recovery and water saving using micro-hydropower in rural water distribution networks -- Optimal and centralized reservior management for drought and flood protection on the upper seine-aube system using stochastic dual dynamic programming -- Managing cumulative effects of farm dams in southeastern australia -- Pressure-driven modeling of cyber-physical attacks on water distribution systems.

[Article Title: Economic–Engineering Method for Assessing Trade-Offs between Instream and Offstream Uses / Paulina Génova, Sarah E. Null, and Marcelo A. Olivares, p. 1-12]

Abstract: Rivers provide multiple water uses and services, including offstream uses that are valued economically and instream uses, such as recreation and ecosystem preservation, that are rarely valued economically. In many countries, water rights allocate water to offstream uses, and dedicated minimum instream flows are the main instrument for instream water allocation. However, minimum instream flows do not ensure continuous reaches for recreation or aquatic habitats. An efficient allocation of water for instream uses requires quantifying the benefits obtained from those uses, so that trade-offs between instream and offstream water uses can be weighed against each other and properly considered.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001026

[Article Title: Nonstationary Stochastic Simulation–Based Water Allocation Method for Regional Water Management / Shu Chen, Dongguo Shao, Xuezhi Tan, Wenquan Gu, and Caixiu Lei, p. 1-13]

Abstract: Due to climate change and human activities, the assumption of the stationarity of hydrological variables will no longer hold. Moreover, the stochastic uncertainty of hydrological variables introduces huge challenges for water managers. To address nonstationarity and randomness, a new methodology called the nonstationary stochastic simulation–based water allocation approach is proposed to optimize regional water management. This objective is achieved via four steps.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001042

[Article Title: Predicting Health Risks from Intrusion into Drinking Water Pipes over Time / John Gibson, Bryan Karney, and Yiping Guo, p. 1-7]

Abstract: This exploratory study uses corrosion rates in aging metal pipes to predict the number of holes in drinking water supply systems over time. Using this estimate of the number of holes, it is possible to estimate the volume and number of pathogens introduced by negative-pressure events by Monte Carlo simulation. The probability of an intrusion volume greater than 10 L increases from less than 1% in a 25-year-old pipe to greater than 70% in a 150-year-old pipe. Surprisingly, however, health risks associated with three pathogens increase little with increasing pipe age.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001039

[Article Title: Potential of Energy Recovery and Water Saving Using Micro-Hydropower in Rural Water Distribution Networks / Irene Fernández García, David Ferras, and Aonghus Mc Nabola, p. 1-11]

Abstract: Water distribution networks have a significant water and energy demand and, therefore, must face the challenge of adopting measures that improve how these resources are used. Previous investigations have demonstrated the potential of micro-hydropower energy recovery in reducing both energy consumption and water leakage in urban water supply networks. In this work, the potential of hydropower energy recovery combined with leakage reduction has been evaluated in eight rural water distribution networks in Ireland. Two scenarios were evaluated. Scenario 1 consisted of replacing the devices currently being used to reduce pressure with a pump as turbine (PAT). In Scenario 2, potential new locations were proposed for existing sites with excess pressure, according to the flow and elevation of the network.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001045

[Article Title: Optimal and Centralized Reservoir Management for Drought and Flood Protection on the Upper Seine–Aube River System Using Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming / L. Raso, M. Chiavico, and D. Dorchies, p. 1-12]

Abstract: The basin of the Seine River is an extremely important economic region for France and Europe. Four reservoirs are operated to reduce the natural variability of the Seine River, reducing both flood and drought risk. Presently, reservoir operation is not centrally coordinated, and release rules are based on empirical rule curves. This study presents the setting of an optimal and centralized solution to the problem of reservoir operation on the Upper Seine–Aube river system, found by applying the stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) procedure. The novelty of this study lies on the combination of reservoir and hydraulic models in SDDP for flood and drought protection. Including the hydraulic process in SDDP is required for estimating flood and drought at different locations along the river, and for representing the delay between the release from the reservoirs and their effects downstream.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001040

[Article Title: Managing Cumulative Effects of Farm Dams in Southeastern Australia / C. R. Morris, M. J. Stewardson, B. L. Finlayson, and L. C. Godden, p. 1-11]

Abstract: Challenges abound for water managers attempting to address problems that have cumulative effects. This paper discusses some of these challenges and potential solutions through a case study of farm dam management in the Australian state of Victoria. Farm dams are useful sources of water but also have an impact on the environment because they capture water that might otherwise flow into streams. Responding to this problem, the Victorian government enacted the Farm Dams Act in 2003, which expanded the farm dam licensing system.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001041

[Article Title: Pressure-Driven Modeling of Cyber-Physical Attacks on Water Distribution Systems / Hunter C. Douglas, Riccardo Taormina, and Stefano Galelli, p. 1-7]

Abstract: Water distribution systems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber-physical attacks as they are further augmented with otherwise helpful monitoring and control devices. Simulating the hydraulic responses of networks to attacks is an important first step toward understanding and mitigating their potential impacts. To date, the tools available for this have either been small-scale, bespoke models or have relied on demand-driven analysis. In this work, we improve the suite of modeling tools currently available by extending the capabilities of epanetCPA—a Matlab toolbox that uses the demand-driven hydraulic engine of EPANET—to simulate pressure-driven simulations of cyber-physical attacks on water distribution systems.

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001038