Includes bibliographical references.

Reducing harm from potentially inappropriate medicines use in long-term care facilities: We must take a proactive approach -- The impact of introducing automated dispensing cabinets, barcode medication administration, and closed-loop electronic medication management systems on work processes and safety of controlled medications in hospitals: A systematic review -- Antiretroviral therapy in community pharmacies - Implementation and outcomes of a differentiated drug delivery model in Nigeria -- An ethical framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines -- “Vital in today's time”: Evaluation of a disaster table-top exercise for pharmacists and pharmacy staff -- Using Facebook to recruit to a national online survey investigating complementary medicine product use in pregnancy and lactation: A case study of method -- The Inverse Care Law might not apply to preventative health services in community pharmacy -- Randomised controlled trial of pharmacist-led patient counselling in controlling hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ROSE-ADAM): A study protocol of the SUGAR intervention -- Development of a list of potentially inappropriate medications for patients with heart failure (PIMHF) -- The rate of return to a pharmacy education investment in the U.S. -- How do patients develop trust in community pharmacists? -- Physical measures and biomarker collection in health surveys: Propensity to participate -- Effects of differential privacy techniques: Considerations for end users -- Development and validation of prescription drug risk, efficacy, and benefit perception measures in the context of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising -- Integrated pharmaceutical logistics system implementation in selected health facilities of Ethiopia: The case of four WOLLEGA ZONES -- Understanding the impact of a new pharmacy sore throat test and treat service on patient experience: A survey study -- Understanding consumer behavior patterns in antibiotic usage for upper respiratory tract infections: A study protocol based on the COM-B framework -- Reducing anticholinergic medication exposure among older adults using consumer technology: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial -- The role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship: Protocol -- Methods and strategies for effectively surveying the LGBTQ+ population -- Issues and recommendations for exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis -- Funding pharmacists in general practice: A feasibility study to inform the design of future economic evaluations -- Naloxone acceptance by outpatient veterans: A risk-prioritized telephone outreach event -- Contactless medicine lockers in outpatient pharmacy: A safe dispensing system during the COVID-19 pandemic -- Deprescribing in older adults during COVID-19 pandemic; Opportunity or risk? -- Risk information alone is not sufficient to reduce optimistic bias.

[Article Title: Reducing harm from potentially inappropriate medicines use in long-term care facilities: We must take a proactive approach / Georgina A. Hughes, Debra Rowett, Megan Corlis, and Janet K. Sluggett, p. 829-831]

Abstract: Use of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) is prevalent in older people across all healthcare settings globally, including hospitals, primary care and long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.010

[Article Title: The impact of introducing automated dispensing cabinets, barcode medication administration, and closed-loop electronic medication management systems on work processes and safety of controlled medications in hospitals: A systematic review / Wu Yi Zheng , Valentina Lichtner , Bethany A. Van Dort , and Melissa T. Baysari, p. 832-841]

Abstract: Technology in the form of Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADCs), Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA), and closed-loop Electronic Medication Management Systems (EMMS) are implemented in hospitals to assist with the supply, use and monitoring of medications. Although there is evidence to suggest that these technologies can reduce errors and improve monitoring of medications in general, little is known about their impact on controlled medications such as opioids.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.001

[Article Title: Antiretroviral therapy in community pharmacies - Implementation and outcomes of a differentiated drug delivery model in Nigeria / Iyeseun O. Asieba , Dorothy A. Oqua , Anthony A. Wutoh , Kenneth A. Agu , Onuche I. Omeh , Zainab A. Adeyanju , Afusat Adesina , Festus Agu , Peter Agada , Anthony Achanya , Nnenna Ekechuwu , and Toyin Tofade, p. 842-849]

Abstract: The World Health Organization recommended differentiated models of care portends opportunities to decongest hospitals providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and improve retention, especially in developing countries. A community pharmacy-based ART refill model was implemented where stable clients were devolved to community pharmacies for routine refills at a service fee, to promote private sector participation and sustainability of ART services. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of this model in Nigeria.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.025

[Article Title: An ethical framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines / Amber Salman Popattia, and Adam La Caze, p. 850-857]

Abstract: Whether pharmacists should sell complementary medicines that lack evidence of effectiveness is an important ethical question which is not explicitly addressed in the existing literature or professional guidelines. The question arises because many complementary medicines lack rigorous evidence that they are effective. There is a need for specific practical guidance for pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.002

[Article Title: “Vital in today's time”: Evaluation of a disaster table-top exercise for pharmacists and pharmacy staff / Kaitlyn E. Watson, Jason J. Waddell, and Elizabeth M. McCourt, p. 858-863]

Abstract: While the importance of pharmacists’ involvement in disaster management is becoming increasingly recognised in the literature, there remains little research on methods for preparing pharmacists and pharmacy staff for disasters.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.009

[Article Title: Using Facebook to recruit to a national online survey investigating complementary medicine product use in pregnancy and lactation: A case study of method / Larisa Ariadne Justine Barnes, Lesley Barclay, Kirsten McCaffery, Margaret I Rolfe, and Parisa Aslani, p. 864-874]

Abstract: Online recruitment can be targeted efficiently to recruit specific samples for survey research. It has been shown to be a cost-effective method of recruitment, and useful for geographically dispersed populations.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.011

[Article Title: The Inverse Care Law might not apply to preventative health services in community pharmacy / Svenja Zonneveld, Vincent L. Versace, Ines Krass, Robyn A. Clark, Sophy Shih, Suzan Detert Oude Weme, and Kevin P. Mc Namara, p. 875-884]

Abstract: The Inverse Care Law states that healthcare availability is inversely related to the needs of the population served. Increasing the provision of community pharmacy (CP) services for cardiovascular disease has been suggested to improve equity of healthcare access, particularly for screening, but few studies examine this. The aim of this study was to determine how the availability and uptake of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention services in CPs varies according to practice and local population characteristics.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.013

[Article Title: Randomised controlled trial of pharmacist-led patient counselling in controlling hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ROSE-ADAM): A study protocol of the SUGAR intervention / Huda Y. Almomani, Carlos Rodriguez Pascual, Sayer I. Al-Azzam, and Keivan Ahmadi, p. 885-893]

Abstract: Hypoglycaemia is one of the most serious adverse effects of diabetes treatment. Older adults are at the highest risk to develop hypoglycaemia. Several studies have established the important positive role of educational interventions on achieving glycaemic control and other clinical outcomes, however, there is still a lack in studies that evaluate the impact of such type of interventions on hypoglycaemia risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led patient counselling on reducing hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.012

[Article Title: Development of a list of potentially inappropriate medications for patients with heart failure (PIMHF) / Kittipak Jenghua, Surarong Chinwong, Dujrudee Chinwong and Penkarn Kanjanarat, p. 894-903]

Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a serious chronic condition affecting people globally. In the USA, the incidence of HF remained high, which will lead to a prevalence of 8 million Americans suffering from HF in 2030. In Thailand, the 2015 statistical report of causes of illness showed that the morbidity rate of HF was approximately 300 per 100,000 people.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.021

[Article Title: The rate of return to a pharmacy education investment in the U.S. / Manuel J. Carvajal, and Ioana Popovici, p. 904-910]

Abstract: Education is a form of human capital, which is defined as the stock of endowments, capabilities, and skills that an individual possesses. Many of these capabilities are not given at birth, but are acquired through developments with characteristics of investments: they involve decision-making on initial cost and trade off present and future benefits. People invest in themselves time and money to expand their endowments and skills, become more productive, and get more fulfilling and better paying.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.022

[Article Title: How do patients develop trust in community pharmacists? / Paul AM. Gregory and Zubin Austin, p. 911-920]

Abstract: Some pharmacists are fond of noting that pharmacy is “… the most trusted of health professions”. Beyond rhetoric, the truth, significance, and real meaning of such statements requires further evaluation in order to better understand the relationship between pharmacists and those they serve. This study has highlighted behaviours and characteristics associated with the evolution of trust between pharmacists and patients, based on the assumption that trust is integral to the care relationship.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.023

[Article Title: Physical measures and biomarker collection in health surveys: Propensity to participate / John Boyle, Lewis Berman, James Dayton, Ronaldo Iachan, Matt Jans, and Randy ZuWallack, p. 921-929]

Abstract: Population-based surveys have long been a key tool for health researchers, policy makers and program managers. The addition of bio-measures, including physical measures and specimen collection, to self-reported health and health behaviors can increase the value of the research for health sciences. At the same time, these bio-measures are likely to increase the perceived burden and intrusiveness to the respondent. Relatively little research has been reported on respondent willingness to participate in surveys that involve physical measures and specimen collection and whether there is any associated non-response bias.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.025

[Article Title: Effects of differential privacy techniques: Considerations for end users / Quentin Brummet, Patrick Coyle, Brandon Sepulvado, p. 930-941]

Abstract: We study the effects of differentially private (DP) noise injection techniques in a survey data setting, using the release of cost of early care and education estimates from the National Survey of Early Care and Education as a motivating example. As an example of how DP noise injection affects statistical estimates, our analysis compares the relative performance of DP techniques in the context of releasing estimates of means, medians, and regression coefficients. The results show that for many statistics, basic DP techniques show good performance provided that the privacy budget does not need to be split over too many estimates. Throughout, we show that small decisions, such as the number of bins in a histogram or the scaling of a variable in a regression equation, can have sometimes dramatic effects on the end results. Because of this, it is important to develop DP techniques with an eye towards the most important aspects of the data for end users.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.029

[Article Title: Development and validation of prescription drug risk, efficacy, and benefit perception measures in the context of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising / Bridget J. Kelly, Douglas J. Rupert, Kathryn J. Aikin, Helen W. Sullivan, Mihaela Johnson, Carla M. Bann, Nicole Mack, Brian G. Southwell, Sue West, Sarah Parvanta, Alexander Rabre and Susana Peinado, p. 942-955]

Abstract: Understanding patient perceptions of prescription drug risks and benefits is an important component of determining risk-benefit tradeoffs and helping patients make informed medication decisions. However, few validated measures exist for capturing such perceptions. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate measures of perception of prescription drug risk, efficacy, and benefit.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.028

[Article Title: Integrated pharmaceutical logistics system implementation in selected health facilities of Ethiopia: The case of four WOLLEGA ZONES / Tamirat Alemu, Awol Jemal, Fanta Gashe, Sultan Suleman, Sagaram Sudhakar and Ginenus Fekadu, p. 956-968]

Abstract: The pharmaceutical supply chain management system of Ethiopia has several problems including non-availability, poor storage, weak stock management and irrational use. However, few studies were conducted on progress and challenges towards implementation of Integrated Pharmaceuticals Logistics System (IPLS) in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the progress and challenges towards the implementation of IPLS in selected health facilities of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.026

[Article Title: Understanding the impact of a new pharmacy sore throat test and treat service on patient experience: A survey study / Efi Mantzourani Rebecca Cannings-John, Andrew Evans, Haroon Ahmed, Alan Meudell, Ian Hill, Emma Williams, Cheryl Way, Kerenza Hood, Benjamin Legay, Laura Houldcroft and Rhian Deslandes, p. 969-977]

Abstract: A pilot of the first NHS funded Sore Throat Test and Treat (STTT) service in the United Kingdom began in selected community pharmacies in Wales in November 2018. The aim of this research was to explore whether a pharmacist delivering consultation for sore throat that included clinical scoring and point-of-care testing was acceptable to patients and how this might influence future health-seeking behaviour.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.034

[Article Title: Understanding consumer behavior patterns in antibiotic usage for upper respiratory tract infections: A study protocol based on the COM-B framework / Zhonghong Duan, Chaojie Liu, Meng Han, Dan Wang, Xinping Zhang and Chenxi Liu, p. 978-985]

Abstract: Irrational use of antibiotics is prevalent worldwide. But our understanding on consumer behaviors in the use of antibiotics is very limited. This study aims to identify consumer behavior patterns in the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.033

[Article Title: Reducing anticholinergic medication exposure among older adults using consumer technology: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial / Ephrem Abebe, Noll L. Campbell, Daniel O. Clark, Wanzhu Tu, Jordan R. Hill, Addison B. Harrington, Gracen O'Neal, Kimberly. Trowbridge, Christian Vallejo, Ziyi Yang, Na Bo, Alexxus Knight, Khalid A. Alamer, Allie Carter, Robin Valenzuela, Philip Adeoye, Malaz A. Boustani and Richard J. Holden, p.986-992]

Abstract: A growing body of scientific evidence points to the potentially harmful cognitive effects of anticholinergic medications among older adults. Most interventions designed to promote deprescribing of anticholinergics have directly targeted healthcare professionals and have had mixed results. Consumer-facing technologies may provide a unique benefit by empowering patients and can complement existing healthcare professional-centric efforts.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.010

[Article Title: The role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship: Protocol / Nyasha Gondora, Chiranjeev Sanyal, Caitlin Carter, Ashley Nethercott, Beth Sproule, Dana Turcotte, Katelyn Halpape, Lisa D. Bishop, Lisa Nissen, Michael A. Beazely, Mona Kwong, Sarah Versteeg and Feng Chang, p. 993-996]

Abstract: The opioid crisis is a worldwide public health concern. In North America, evidence suggests that the increase in opioid prescriptions correlates with the observed increase in opioid-related mortality and morbidity. Pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote effective opioid stewardship as they have a central role on healthcare teams. However, in many contexts, pharmacists do not have a harmonized scope of practice and no standardized opioid stewardship approach has been implemented.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.027

[Article Title: Methods and strategies for effectively surveying the LGBTQ+ population / Phillip Hughes, Chase Harless and Kimberly Leach, p. 997-1003]

Abstract: The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) population is at a substantially elevated risk for myriad health complications, due in large part to structural and social inequities. As such, the LGBTQ population is an important demographic to survey regarding their health. As with many populations facing inequality, the LGBTQ population is often hard to sample. In light of this challenge, several approaches may be required in order to effectively surveying this population. Specifically, advances in sampling methodologies, leveraging community partnerships, and culturally aware question design appear to increase the likelihood of a successful LGBTQ-focused health survey.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.024

[Article Title: Issues and recommendations for exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis / James B. Schreiber, p. 1004-1011]

Abstract: This commentary provides a brief mathematical review of exploratory factor analysis, the common factor model, and principal components analysis. Details and recommendations related to the goals, measurement scales, estimation technique, factor retention, item retention, and rotation of factors. For researchers interested in attempting to identify latent factors, exploratory factor analysis, the common factor model, is the appropriate analysis. For surveys with Likert-type scales weighted least squares with robust standard errors is recommended along with oblique rotation. Alternative techniques for analyzing the data, e.g., item response theory and machine learning, are briefly discussed. Finally, a basic check list for researchers and reviewers is provided.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.027

[Article Title: Funding pharmacists in general practice: A feasibility study to inform the design of future economic evaluations / Sam Kosari, Louise S. Deeks, Mark Naunton, Paresh Dawda, Marteen J. Postma, Guan Han Tay and Gregory M. Peterson, p. 1012-1016]

Abstract: Pharmacists working in general practice is a developing healthcare role in Australia. Practice pharmacists have demonstrated benefits as they can improve patient outcome measures, reduce medicine-related problems and improve prescribing appropriateness, lessen errors during transitions of care, and decrease medication burden and patient risk through deprescribing activities. General practitioners (GPs), other healthcare providers and patients support practice pharmacists, but the lack of sustainable funding has been identified as a barrier to wider adoption in Australia. This is hindered by the absence of economic data about the practice pharmacist within the structure of primary healthcare in Australia.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.030

[Article Title: Naloxone acceptance by outpatient veterans: A risk-prioritized telephone outreach event / Shuwen Wu, Theresa Frey and Cody J. Wenthur, p. 1017-1020]

Abstract: Opioid overdose is a major public health concern and a leading cause of injury-related death in the United States. In 2018, there were nearly 47,000 opioid overdose deaths, with increases in multiple states across demographic groups. Naloxone education and distribution initiatives can decrease the risk of overdose events and deaths. Examples in literature range from naloxone co-prescription in San Francisco primary care clinics to bystander education in Massachusetts communities. All prescribers and healthcare clinicians should discuss opioid safety with their patients and to offer naloxone kits as appropriate. Because of its safety and efficacy in opioid overdose, naloxone has been a key focus in many overdose prevention initiatives such as the Veterans Affairs Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (VA OEND) Program.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.010

[Article Title: Contactless medicine lockers in outpatient pharmacy: A safe dispensing system during the COVID-19 pandemic / Yee-Ling Yeo, Chee-Tao Chang, Chii-Chii Chew and Shamini Rama, p. 1021-1023]

Abstract: As of September 22, 2020, there was a total of 10,358 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia. To combat the pandemic, one of the proactive measures by the Ministry of Health is to advise the public to avoid crowded and confined places. In our hospital (Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun), the outpatient pharmacy serves an average of 1000 patients daily during office hours. Dispensing medicines to outpatients has become more challenging, as pharmacy personnel are required to maintain physical distancing and avoid direct contact with the patients to prevent disease transmission in a confined waiting area.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.011

[Article Title: Deprescribing in older adults during COVID-19 pandemic; Opportunity or risk? / Letizia Castelli, Claudia Loreti, Daniele Coraci, Augusto Fusco, Lorenzo Biscotti, Silvia Giovannini, and Luca Padua, p. 1024-1025]

Abstract: Hospitalized older adults represent one of the frailest populations, considering the high prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The concept of prevention assumes a different meaning in this context. In particular, as reported in a recent study, social interactions and family visits represent health detriments linked to lower mortality rate.4 Physicians have to consider this particular condition during COVID-19 pandemic, where social distance is reduced from technology.9 Prevention and deprescribing could be two important tools in the hands of geriatrics to manage the complexities of older adults, especially during a pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.016

[Article Title: Risk information alone is not sufficient to reduce optimistic bias / Lisa Felgendreff, Lars Korn, Philipp Sprengholz, Sarah Eitze, Regina Siegers, Cornelia Betsch, p. 1026-1027]

Abstract: People tend to perceive their own risk of contracting or passing on a disease as lower compared to the risk of similar others. As one's own perceived risk is a strong driver of protective behaviors, this so-called optimistic bias can undermine efforts to promote preventive behaviors in the current coronavirus pandemic. Optimistic bias has been widely demonstrated during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, toward both the perceived risk of getting infected and that of infecting others.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.01.010