Includes bibliographical references.

Instruments measuring community pharmacist role stress and strain measures: A systematic review -- Patient factors that affect opioid use among adults with and without chronic pain -- Exploring barriers to the sustainability of an electronic administration system in long-term care facilities: A case study approach -- Proactive inter-disciplinary CME to improve medication management in the elderly population -- Evaluation of pharmaceutical pictograms by older “turkers”: A cross-sectional crowdsourced study -- Evaluating survey consent to social media linkage in three international health surveys -- Using a global systematic framework tool to guide the advancement of the pharmacy workforce education and training on a national level -- Research with youth of color in low-income communities: Strategies for recruiting and retaining participants -- Cost analysis of alpha blocker treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Medicare beneficiaries -- Development of an Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioner service specification -- Health needs assessment in a regional community pharmacy using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model -- Examining the dispensing patterns of antipsychotics in Australia from 2006 to 2018 - A pharmacoepidemiology study -- Health insurance literacy: How best to measure and does it matter to health care access and affordability? -- Prevalence and effects of suicidal ideation diagnosis code position in claims on readmission rate estimates -- Fracture risk increased by concurrent use of central nervous system agents in older people: Nationwide case–crossover study -- Measurement of the reliability of pharmacy staff and simulated patient reports of non-prescription medicine requests in community pharmacies -- A new age intervention to support medication adherence -- Designing and reporting pictogram research: Problems, pitfalls and lessons learnt -- Study protocol: Development, implementation, evaluation and refinement of a translational allergic rhinitis clinical management pathway (AR-CMaP) for community pharmacies -- Regional variation in potentially inappropriate medicine use in older adults. - A national register-based cross-sectional study on economic, health system-related and patient-related characteristics.

[Article Title: Instruments measuring community pharmacist role stress and strain measures: A systematic review / Faith R. Yong, p. 1029-1058]

Abstract: While macro and meso approaches to implementing public health initiatives in community pharmacies have been studied, the micro perspective of their pharmacist providers requires more inspection. Community pharmacists report increasing stress, overload, and limited control over facets of their work.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Social exchange principles, e.g. role price, may help to typify pharmacist work decisions so problematic situations can be modified, thus protecting workforce health. To do so, the underlying pressures of the pharmacist role (i.e. role stresses) and indicators of systemically-caused strain (i.e. role strains) should be measurable.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.017

[Article Title: Patient factors that affect opioid use among adults with and without chronic pain / Didem M Bernard, William Encinosa, Joel Cohen and Zhengyi Fang, p. 1059-1065]

Abstract: In recent years, inappropriate use of prescription opioids has become a national crisis. Prescription opioids can be an important tool for managing pain, but excessive dosages or extended use may lead to drug dependence, overdoses and mortality. Since the early 2000s, increased prescribing of opioids has been associated with marked increases in these adverse outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.036

[Article Title: Exploring barriers to the sustainability of an electronic administration system in long-term care facilities: A case study approach / Yasmin Karsan, Claire Anderson, Matthew J. Boyd and Tracey Thornley, p. 1066-1071]

Abstract: The safe provision of medicines administration is a fundamental challenge faced in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Many residents of LTCFs are frail older persons with multiple morbidities, and in addition to polypharmacy, are particularly at risk of harm due to concomitant disease and disability. One potential method to optimise medication safety and facilitate medicines administration within LTCFs is the introduction of technology.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.003

[Article Title: Proactive inter-disciplinary CME to improve medication management in the elderly population / S. Traina, L.G. Armando, A. Diarassouba, R. Baroetto Parisi, M. Esiliato, C. Rolando, E. Remani, P. de Cosmo and C. Cena, p. 1072-1078]

Abstract: The growing number of older people suffering from non-communicable chronic diseases is reaching a critical point. Those aged over 65 will account for 20.4% of the population in 2020, and that figure is expected to increase by 3–3.5% each decade. Moreover, it is known that the prevalence of multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of more than two non-communicable chronic diseases, ranges from 30 to 60% in the older population according to several studies on chronic conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.005

[Article Title: Evaluation of pharmaceutical pictograms by older “turkers”: A cross-sectional crowdsourced study / Shih-Yin Lin, Hilaire J. Thompson, Laura A. Hart, Musetta C.C. Fu and George Demiris, p. 1079-1090]

Abstract: Well-designed pharmaceutical pictograms may improve patients’ understanding of medication instructions. However, the iterative participatory design process required to produce effective pictograms can be costly in terms of money, time, and effort. Crowdsourcing has been applied to bring down the costs of the participatory design process, but the feasibility of using this approach with older adults remains largely unknown.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.006

[Article Title: Evaluating survey consent to social media linkage in three international health surveys / Zeina N. Mneimneh, Colleen McClain, Ronny Bruffaerts, Yasmin A. Altwaijri, p. 1091-1100]

Abstract: The use of Twitter data for health-related research has been increasing over time. While the organic nature of the data offer new opportunities, the limited understanding of how and by whom the data are generated poses a challenge for advancing health-related research. Individual-level data linkage could shed light into the data generation mechanism.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.007

[Article Title: Using a global systematic framework tool to guide the advancement of the pharmacy workforce education and training on a national level / Asmaa Al-Haqan, Felicity Smith, Dalal Al-Taweel, Lina Bader, Ian Bates, p. 1101-1109]

Abstract: Systematic education and training strategies play a critical role in preparing a competent pharmacy workforce to meet the evolving healthcare needs of nations. Reports have shown that investing in healthcare workers' education and training not only has a positive impact on employment rates and economic growth but also results in measurable improvement in health and population outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of globally validated workforce goals as a guide to the planning and advancement of the Kuwait pharmacy workforce's education and training.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.008

[Article Title: Research with youth of color in low-income communities: Strategies for recruiting and retaining participants / Tamar Mendelson, Steven C. Sheridan, and Laura K. Clary, p. 1110-1118]

Abstract: Youth of color from low-income urban communities are crucial participants in research, as their involvement can shape effective, culturally responsive interventions and policy to promote youth health and well-being. These young people, however, are an often-neglected research population, due in part to perceived challenges associated with their inclusion as well as marginalized communities’ justifiable mistrust of research.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.011

[Article Title: Cost analysis of alpha blocker treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Medicare beneficiaries / Yulia Sidi, Yinghui Duan, Taeho Greg Rhee and Z. Helen Wu, p. 1119-1139]

Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle and epithelial cells within the prostatic transition zone, is a clinical condition with an estimated overall cost of care between $2.3 and $4 billion per year. The medical expenditure is expected to increase due to high prevalence of BPH in older male adults and a growing aging population in the US.3 In light of the enormous economic burden of healthcare expenditures in the US, the impacts of different treatment options can be critical for healthcare providers and policymakers to facilitate their decision-making.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.012

[Article Title: Development of an Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioner service specification / Daniel Greenwood, Douglas Steinke, Sandra Martin and Mary P. Tully, p. 1140-1150]

Abstract: Emergency Department Pharmacist Practitioners (EDPPs) undertake both ‘traditional’ clinical pharmacy work, e.g. check prescriptions, and ‘practitioner’ work, e.g. perform clinical examinations. A recent study found a large variation in the extent and type of care provided. Whilst variation allows services to be tailored to local needs, it is important that care meets the minimum standards that are safe, effective, patient-centred, timely, efficient, and equitable.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.016

[Article Title: Health needs assessment in a regional community pharmacy using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model / Louisa Handyside, Robin Warren, Sue Devine and Aaron Drovandi, p. 1151-1158]

Abstract: Community pharmacies have capacity to provide a variety of professional pharmacy services. However, planning models are underutilised when guiding pharmacists in assessing local health and social needs for providing tailored services to meet community needs and priorities.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.023

[Article Title: Examining the dispensing patterns of antipsychotics in Australia from 2006 to 2018 - A pharmacoepidemiology study / Johann Niklas Claassen and Joon Soo Park, p. 1159-1165]

Abstract: Antipsychotic medications can be prescribed in Australia by medical and nurse practitioners under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). The current pharmacoepidemiology study aims to determine the dispensing rates of antipsychotic medicines in Australia, and to produce and examine a time-trend of the dispensing patterns of these medicines.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.001

[Article Title: Health insurance literacy: How best to measure and does it matter to health care access and affordability? / Kathleen Thiede Call, Ann Conmy, Giovann Alarcón, Sarah L. Hagge and Alisha Baines Simon, p. 1166-1173]

Abstract: In the United States (U.S.), numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of having health insurance coverage in order to access health care, including needed prescription drugs. Yet health insurance benefits are complex and constantly evolving. For example, some people face a different choice of plans annually, either through their employer or through the individual market; within those choices, they additionally face a range of options in selecting between plans with broad and narrow networks or trading low premiums for high deductibles, which can easily leave people confused. Furthermore, costs of insurance coverage and health care continue to rise and individuals (rather than employers, say) are assuming a greater portion of these costs.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.002

[Article Title: Prevalence and effects of suicidal ideation diagnosis code position in claims on readmission rate estimates / Aram Babcock, Richard K. Moussa and Vakaramoko Diaby, p. 1174-1180]

Abstract: Suicidal ideation (SI) is a major health concern in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) population. Inaccurate estimates of SI-related hospital readmission rates may contribute to inappropriate allocation of resources for the prevention of future readmissions. The estimation of these readmission rates using claims data may be sensitive to the diagnosis code position used to establish analytic cohorts.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.003

[Article Title: Fracture risk increased by concurrent use of central nervous system agents in older people: Nationwide case–crossover study / Eri Ohara, Yoshinori Bando, Tomoji Yoshida, Masaki Ohara, Yutaka Kirino and Naomi Iihara, p. 1181-1197]

Abstract: Multiple medication use among older patients is reported to increase fracture risk. But this association is unclear in different subgroups and has not been confirmed by a case–crossover study, which can eliminate measurable and unmeasurable time-invariant confounders.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.007

[Article Title: Measurement of the reliability of pharmacy staff and simulated patient reports of non-prescription medicine requests in community pharmacies / Jack C. Collins, Ming Yeung Chan, Carl R. Schneider, Lam R. Yan and Rebekah J. Moles, p. 1198-1203]

Abstract: The use of simulated patients (SPs) in pharmacy practice research has become an established method to observe practice. The reliability of data reported using this method in comparison to pharmacy staff self-reported behaviour has yet to be ascertained.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.006

[Article Title: A new age intervention to support medication adherence / Shruti Goradia, Rachel Holland, Shea Alexander, Deborah Greenbaum, Timothy Chen and Parisa Aslani, p. 1204-1207]

Abstract: Adherence to pharmacological treatments is a complex behaviour which is influenced by a number of factors throughout a person's medication use journey. No single intervention has yet been shown to effectively address non-adherence long term. Technology, which can support a multifaceted intervention targeted to the needs of a person, may present a feasible solution to optimise adherence. Technological interventions such as mobile applications (apps) have shown early promise, increasing medication adherence rates and providing health care practitioners with an opportunity to monitor and measure adherence. Some of their features include providing informational messages, saving prescription details and sending refill reminders. Their inability to address patient specific factors across the three phases of adherence (initiation, implementation and discontinuation) limit their usefulness in clinical practice. We propose recommendations to guide the design of digital interventions that can support adherence. Interventions should be individualised to address patient specific factors that affect adherence to medications; the features should support individuals across all three phases of adherence. Interventions must integrate within existing prescriber and dispensing software and interconnect all members of an individual's healthcare team. Finally, to ensure optimal outcomes for the individual, all digital interventions should inform the person about why adherence is necessary.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.038

[Article Title: Designing and reporting pictogram research: Problems, pitfalls and lessons learnt / Ros Dowse, p. 1208-1215]

Abstract: Research describing the design, evaluation or use of pictograms for various health-related applications is receiving increasing attention in the literature. However, recent reviews of this body of literature have commented adversely on the overall quality of the research, highlighting problems with the pictogram design process, as well as calling for improvement in both the methodology and reporting of all aspects of designing, developing, modifying, evaluating and applying pictograms in practice. The heterogeneity in study design, as well as in the interventions and outcomes measured, prevents overall conclusions being drawn about the effectiveness of pictograms on comprehension and medicine-taking behaviour such as adherence and self-care. The reporting of such research should provide adequate detail to enable reproducibility and replicability of the research. This article offers guidance in designing and reporting pictogram-based research, highlighting areas that are often problematic or inadequately addressed.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.013

[Article Title: Study protocol: Development, implementation, evaluation and refinement of a translational allergic rhinitis clinical management pathway (AR-CMaP) for community pharmacies / Rachel Tan, Vicky Kritikos, Biljana Cvetkovski, Janet Rimmer, Kwok Yan, Lynn Cheong, Jean Bousquet and Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, p. 1216-1222]

Abstract: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a highly burdened chronic respiratory disease1-4, which affects about 40% of the world's population5. Research shows that only 15% of people with AR, in the community pharmacy setting are using optimal AR medication6. There is a clear need to better implement AR management guidelines so that more effective medication selection and an evidence-based approach to the management of AR is implemented.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.009

[Article Title: Regional variation in potentially inappropriate medicine use in older adults. - A national register-based cross-sectional study on economic, health system-related and patient-related characteristics / Leena Saastamoinen and Jouko Verho, p. 1223-1227]

Abstract: Potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM), i.e. medicines in which the potential harms may outweigh the benefits, use may be associated with e.g. hospitalization, outpatient visits and health care costs. As regional institutions are often responsible for financing pharmaceuticals, understanding the regional variation of PIM use could help to tackle the associated problems and costs.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.018