TY - BOOK AU - Cantrell,Bradley AU - Yates,Natalie TI - Modeling the environment: techniques and tools for the 3D illustration of dynamic landscapes SN - 9780470902943 (pbk.) AV - GC GE 45.D37 .C36 2012 PY - 2012/// CY - Hoboken, N.J. PB - Wiley KW - ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY KW - DATA PROCESSING KW - LANDFORMS KW - SIMULATION METHODS KW - GEOSPATIAL DATA N1 - Contents: pt. 1 Introduction ch. 1 Overview of Media 2 Current Methods and Work Flows 2 Adoption 4 Reliance on Design Drawings 5 ch. 2 Digital Media Industries 9 Film Video 9 CG and Visual Effects 10 Video Games 11 Interactive Media 12 ch. 3 Digital Media 13 New Modes of Participation 14 Craft 15 Repetition and Recursion 16 Mediated Environments 16 ch. 4 Representation, Illustration, and Simulation 18 Definitions 18 Roles 19 ch. 5 Design Practice 21 Current Practice 21 Design Process: Heuristics 22 Possibilities and Futures 24 pt. 2 Scene ch. 6 Diorama: Setting the Stage 28 Taming Infinite Worlds: Limiting the Workspace 28 Working in Measured Space 30 Composition: Foreground/Middleground/Background 33 Composition: Ground/Horizon/Sky 34 Modeling Strategy: Narrative 34 ch. 7 Arranging the Elements 36 Positioning Elements in 3D Space 36 Setting Up a 3D Diorama 39 Proposed and Contextual 45 Dynamic Elements 45 ch. 8 Composition and Views 47 The Camera 47 Framing the Composition 48 View Perspective 48 Focal/Peripheral 49 Major Film Shots 50 ch. 9 Movement in the Environment 55 Camera and Movement 55 Passive versus Active Participant 55 Camera Movement in Film 56 Zoom 56 Pan 57 Tilt 57 Dolly or Track 57 Crab or Truck 58 Pedestal, Crane, or Boom 58 Follow 58 Animating the Camera 59 Pacing and Motion 61 pt. 3 Object ch. 10 Object 64 Typologies 64 Site Elements 65 Infrastructural 66 Vegetation 67 The Importance of Modeling Vegetation 67 The Challenges of Modeling Vegetation 67 Tools 68 Object in Context 69 ch. 11 Modeling Overview 70 Components of Polygons 70 Operations 71 Modify Selection 71 Edit Geometry 72 Subdivision and Smoothing 72 Modeling from Primitives 72 ch. 12 Using CAD Linework 78 Refining and Importing 78 Refinement of CAD Linework 78 Extruding CAD Linework 81 ch. 13 Polygon Modeling 83 Image Planes 83 Selecting and Preparing the Photo 83 ch. 14 Spline Modeling 91 Components of Splines 91 What Are NURBS? 92 Operations 93 Lathe 93 Loft 93 Spline Cage 93 Technique 95 ch. 15 Materiality 98 Material Types 98 Standard Materials 99 Photometric Materials 103 Special-Purpose Materials 105 Relationship of Material to Surface 107 pt. 4 Terrain ch. 16 Terrain Surface 114 Scale of Surfaces 114 Data and Surface Framework 116 Inputs: Generated, Supplied, and Collected 116 Surface Structures: Contours, TINs, and Grid Meshes 118 Typologies 119 Hills Highlands 120 Flats Lowlands 120 Slopes Ramps 121 Channels Swales 121 Basins Depressions 122 Domes Mounds 122 Representation 122 ch. 17 Terrain Construction 124 Using Contour Data 124 Splines Sections 128 ch. 18 Terrain Modeling Meshes 131 Meshes 131 Displacement 136 ch. 19 Surface Materials 140 Displacement and Bump Mapping 140 Water 143 Noise Modifier 145 ch. 20 Distributions 147 Scatter 147 Paint Objects 150 Hair 151 pt. 5 Atmosphere ch. 21 Lighting Atmosphere 154 Lighting 154 Time of Day 155 Weather 155 Seasons 156 Artificial Light and Pollution 156 ch. 22 Rendering and Lighting Systems 157 mental ray 157 Lights 159 Shadows 160 Daylight Systems 161 Final Gather and Global Illumination 162 ch. 23 Atmospheric Conditions 165 Haze and Fog 165 Clouds 168 Sunset/Sunrise 170 ch. 24 Advanced and Real-Time Lighting Systems 172 Caustics 172 HDR Imagery 173 iray 176 Alternative Renderers 176 ch. 25 Temporal Atmospheres 177 Perception of Time 177 Wind 179 pt. 6 Simulation ch. 26 Animation 182 Motion and Keyframing 182 Animation Tools 183 Output Methods 188 ch. 27 Linking Controllers 192 Hierarchy and Linking 192 Parameter Curve Out of Range 193 Controllers and Constraints 195 ch. 28 Animation Techniques 197 Animating Component Construction 197 Terrain Animation 197 Construction 201 ch. 29 Simulation Rigid Bodies 202 Introduction 202 Rigid Body Simulation 203 MRigids 204 ch. 30 Simulation Particles and Soft Bodies 209 Particle Systems 209 Particle Flow 209 Flowing Water 211 Blowing Leaves 216 Soft Body Systems 217 ch. 31 Scripting 219 Scripting 219 Accessing the Scripting Tools 220 Fundamentals 221 Using Scripts 223 pt. 7 Composite ch. 32 Composite Imagery 226 Compositing 226 Alpha Channel 227 Viewport Background 228 Matte/Shadow/Reflection 229 Render Elements 230 ch. 33 Composite Scene States Batch 232 Scene States 232 Batch Rendering 233 ch. 34 Illustrative Composite 235 Model as Base for Collage 235 Model as Framework Human Scale 238 Model as Framework Aerial View 242 ch. 35 Animated Composite 245 Composite 245 Composite Animation Static Background 246 Composite Animation 249 Bibliography 251 Image Credits 253 Index; Includes bibliographical references and index N2 - A single-source guide to harnessing the power of 3D visualization tools for analysis and representation of landscapes Current technology allows designers to model environmental phenomena and space in new and exciting ways that go beyond the two-dimensional plane. The models, illustrations, and animations that can be created usher in a new paradigm of landscape representation that can become analytical tools as well as beautiful imagery. The text focuses on digital modeling methods that can be used to express rich environments using digital tools to develop, composite, and animate scenes. This full-color book provides coverage of 3D visualization tools for land planning and landscape architecture. The methods and theories in Modeling the Environment present landscape representation around a core set of ideas—scene, object, terrain, environment/atmosphere, time/dynamics, and the composite—that centers representation on human experience. Supported by www.lab.visual-logic.com, a website offering tutorials and forums, the text shows you how to use Autodesk 3ds Max to create dynamic landscape environments while also referring to a range of other tools including Google SketchUp, Autodesk Maya, and AutoCAD Civil 3D. It also demonstrates how to integrate 3D visualization tools into existing workflows, and offers critical coverage of intelligent drawings and representations, giving you a glimpse at the future of the profession. This book: Includes sections intended to build upon one another in order to understand the environment as a composite representation of multiple systems interacting Shows how to integrate 3D visualization tools into existing workflows, as opposed to offering an entirely new workflow Emphasizes modeling, animation, and simulation as both design analysis tools and presentation tools Modeling the Environment is essential reading for professionals in landscape architecture, urban planning and design, architecture, and related disciplines who are looking to be at the forefront of technology ER -